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  2. Upper gastrointestinal series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_series

    Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.

  3. Esophageal pH monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_pH_Monitoring

    In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.

  4. Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux...

    Reflux can be present in people without symptoms and the diagnosis requires both symptoms or complications and reflux of stomach content. [43] Other investigations may include esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Barium swallow X-rays should not be used for diagnosis. [42]

  5. Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_Endoscopic...

    Therefore, aspiration is common in people with chronic acid reflux disease. Sensory testing can quantify and assess the swelling for better treatment. The strength of the air pulse given during sensory testing in acid-injured vocal cords due to acid reflux disease will necessarily be much greater in order to elicit an airway reflex than tissues ...

  6. Impedance–pH monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance–pH_monitoring

    Impedance–pH monitoring is a technique used in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), by monitoring both impedance and pH. [1] [2] Patients with ongoing symptoms while on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are commonly diagnosed with impedance–pH monitoring while continuing their medications. The impedance–pH monitoring ...

  7. Esophageal achalasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_achalasia

    The esophagus should be checked every year or two with a timed barium swallow because some may need pneumatic dilatations, a repeat myotomy, or even esophagectomy after many years. In addition, some physicians recommend pH testing and endoscopy to check for reflux damage, which may lead to a premalignant condition known as Barrett's esophagus ...

  8. Schatzki ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schatzki_ring

    Schatzki B ring at barium swallow. A Schatzki ring is usually diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy or barium swallow. Endoscopy usually shows a ring within the lumen of the esophagus which can be of variable size (see picture). The ring is usually located a few centimetres above the gastro-esophageal junction, where the esophagus joins the ...

  9. Nutcracker esophagus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutcracker_esophagus

    This usually includes visualization of the esophagus with an endoscope, and can also include barium swallow X-rays of the esophagus. Endoscopy is typically normal in patients with nutcracker esophagus; however, abnormalities associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, which associates with nutcracker esophagus, may be seen. [10]

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