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  2. Peptidoglycan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan

    The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer. [1] [2] Peptidoglycan serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. This repetitive linking results in a dense peptidoglycan layer which ...

  3. Lipid II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_II

    Polymers of lipid II form a linear glycan chain. This reaction is catalyzed by the glycosyltransferases of family 51 (GT51). Transpeptidases cross link the chains and form a net-like peptidoglycan macromolecule. The resulting glycopeptide is an essential part of the envelope of many bacteria.

  4. Fluorescent D-amino acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_D-amino_acids

    Proposed mechanism of FDAA incorporation into bacterial peptidoglycan. [1] Peptidoglycan (PG) is a mesh-like structure containing polysaccharides cross-linked by peptide chains. [6] Penicillin-binding proteins (DD-transpeptidases), in short PBPs, recognize the PG peptides and catalyze the cross-linking reactions. [7]

  5. DD-Transpeptidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD-transpeptidase

    It is involved in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, namely, the transpeptidation that crosslinks the peptide side chains of peptidoglycan strands. [ 3 ] The antibiotic penicillin irreversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of the transpeptidase enzyme by forming a highly stable penicilloyl-enzyme intermediate. [ 4 ]

  6. Penicillin-binding proteins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin-binding_proteins

    PBPs normally catalyze the cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall, but they can be permanently inhibited by penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics. (NAM = N-acetylmuramic acid; NAG = N-acetylglucosamine) [2] Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin.

  7. Muramyl ligase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muramyl_ligase

    The basic peptidoglycan structure of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria comprises a sheet of glycan chains connected by short cross-linking polypeptides. Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan is a multi-step (11-12 steps) process comprising three main stages: formation of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDPMurNAc) from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).

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