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  2. Ethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

    Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...

  3. Azeotrope tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables

    This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.

  4. Acetic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid

    Acetic acid / ə ˈ s iː t ɪ k /, systematically named ethanoic acid / ˌ ɛ θ ə ˈ n oʊ ɪ k /, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 COOH (also written as CH 3 CO 2 H, C 2 H 4 O 2, or HC 2 H 3 O 2). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar ...

  5. Vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar

    The term "distilled vinegar" as used in the United States (called "spirit vinegar" in the UK, "white vinegar" in Canada [39]) is something of a misnomer because it is not produced by distillation, but by fermentation of distilled alcohol. The fermentate is diluted to produce a colorless solution of 5 to 8% acetic acid in water, with a pH of ...

  6. Tincture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture

    Spirit of ether, a solution of diethyl ether in alcohol "Spirit of Mindererus", ammonium acetate in alcohol "Spirit of nitre" is not a spirit in this sense, but an old name for nitric acid (but "sweet spirit of nitre" was ethyl nitrite) Similarly "spirit(s) of salt" actually meant hydrochloric acid. The concentrated, fuming, 35% acid is still ...

  7. Alcohol (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)

    The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...

  8. IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    for alcohol Common name for aldehyde Common name for acid Common name for ketone 1: Meth-Methyl alcohol (wood alcohol) Formaldehyde: Formic acid NA 2: Eth-Ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) Acetaldehyde: Acetic acid (vinegar) NA 3: Prop-Propyl alcohol: Propionaldehyde: Propionic acid Acetone/dimethyl ketone 4: But-Butyl alcohol: Butyraldehyde ...

  9. List of esters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_esters

    An ester of carboxylic acid. R stands for any group (organic or inorganic) and R′ stands for organyl group. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (−R).