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According to Thorton and Arrowood, self-evaluation is one of the functions of social comparison. This is one process that underlies how an individual engages in social comparison. [14] Each individual's specific goals will influence how they engage in social comparison. For self-evaluation, people tend to choose a similar comparison target. [15]
Self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) concerns discrepancies between two people in a relationship. The theory posits an individual will maintain as well as enhance their self-esteem via a social comparison to another individual. [1] Self-evaluation refers to the self-perceived social ranking one has towards themselves. It is the continuous process ...
The Dunning–Kruger effect is usually defined specifically for the self-assessments of people with a low level of competence, [8] [5] [9] but some theorists do not restrict it to the bias of people with low skill, also discussing the opposite effect, i.e., the tendency of highly skilled people to underestimate their abilities relative to the ...
Such functionally distinct facets of self-esteem may comprise self-evaluations in social, emotional, body-related, school performance-related, and creative-artistic domains. [ 97 ] [ 98 ] They have been found to be predictive of outcomes related to psychological functioning, health, education, and work. [ 99 ]
Expectancy violations theory (EVT) is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations. [1] The theory was proposed by Judee K. Burgoon in the late 1970s and continued through the 1980s and 1990s as "nonverbal expectancy violations theory", based on Burgoon's research studying proxemics.
Social psychologists have used this theory to explain and predict coping mechanisms and people's patterns of emotionality. By contrast, for example, personality psychology studies emotions as a function of a person's personality, and thus does not take into account the person's appraisal, or cognitive response, to a situation.
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Social desirability: People are more likely to make a correspondent inference when an actor's behavior is socially undesirable than when it is conventional. Effects of behavior: People are more likely to make a correspondent, or dispositional, inference when someone else's actions yield outcomes that are rare or not yielded by other actions.