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This is a pure compression fracture of the lateral or central tibial plateau in which the articular surface of the tibial plateau is depressed and driven into the lateral tibial metaphysis by axial forces.3 A low energy injury, these fractures are more frequent in the 4th and 5th decades of life and individuals with osteoporotic changes in bone.
The Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification initially published their classification system covering the whole skeleton in 1996. [5] In 2006 [6] they published a revision, unifying the Muller/AO and OTA systems into a single alphanumeric classification, which has been further updated in 2018: [7]
Since approximately one third of the tibia lies directly beneath the skin, open fractures are common compared to other long bones. [1] These open fractures are most commonly caused by high velocity trauma (e.g. motor vehicle collisions), while closed fractures most commonly occur from sports injuries or falls.
Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis. Typical features: at the level of the ankle joint, extending superiorly and laterally up the fibula; tibiofibular syndesmosis intact or only partially torn, but no widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation; medial malleolus may be fractured or deltoid ligament may be torn; variable ...
A tib-fib fracture is a fracture of both the tibia and fibula of the same leg in the same incident. In 78% of cases, a fracture of the fibula is associated with a tibial fracture. [6] Since the fibula is smaller and weaker than the tibia, a force strong enough to fracture the tibia often fractures the fibula as well. Types include:
There is no difference between acute compartment syndrome originating from an open or closed fracture. [16] Leg compartment syndrome is found in 2% to 9% of tibial fractures. It is strongly related to fractures involving the tibial diaphysis as well as other sections of the tibia. [ 30 ]
In terms of anatomy location, fractures of finger phalanges are the most common one at the rate of 14 per 100,000 people per year in the general population, followed by fracture of tibia at 3.4 per 100,000 population per year, and distal radius fracture at 2.4 per 100,000 population per year. [5]
Type IV – A fracture through all three elements of the bone, the growth plate, metaphysis, and epiphysis: [10] 10% incidence Type V – A compression fracture of the growth plate (resulting in a decrease in the perceived space between the epiphysis and metaphysis on x-ray ): [ 11 ] 1% incidence