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The system utility fsck (file system check) is a tool for checking the consistency of a file system in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. [1] The equivalent programs on MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows are CHKDSK, SFC, and SCANDISK.
Modern Linux distributions include a /sys directory as a virtual filesystem (sysfs, comparable to /proc, which is a procfs), which stores and allows modification of the devices connected to the system, [20] whereas many traditional Unix-like operating systems use /sys as a symbolic link to the kernel source tree.
All of the Linux filesystem drivers support all three FAT types, namely FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32.Where they differ is in the provision of support for long filenames, beyond the 8.3 filename structure of the original FAT filesystem format, and in the provision of Unix file semantics that do not exist as standard in the FAT filesystem format such as file permissions. [1]
Btrfs can initiate an online check of the entire file system by triggering a file system scrub job that is performed in the background. The scrub job scans the entire file system for integrity and automatically attempts to report and repair any bad blocks it finds along the way. [88] [90
A place for files that might change frequently - especially in size, for example e-mail sent to users on the system, or process-ID lock files. /var/log: Contains system log files. /var/mail: The place where all incoming mail is stored. Users (other than root) can access their own mail only. Often, this directory is a symbolic link to /var/spool ...
It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions but generally has been supplanted by its successor version ext4. [3] The main advantage of ext3 over its predecessor, ext2, is journaling, which improves reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an improper, a.k.a. unclean, shutdown.
CP/M file system: 1980: 86-DOS: FAT12, but logically format incompatible with MS-DOS/PC DOS. 1981: PC DOS 1.0: FAT12: 1982: MS-DOS 1.25: FAT12: 1982: Commodore 64 / 1541: Commodore DOS (CBM DOS) 1984: PC DOS 3.0 / MS-DOS 3.0: FAT16: 1984: Classic Mac OS: Macintosh File System (MFS) 1985: Atari TOS: Modified FAT12: 1985: Classic Mac OS ...
The native file systems of Unix-like systems also support arbitrary directory hierarchies, as do, Apple's Hierarchical File System and its successor HFS+ in classic Mac OS, the FAT file system in MS-DOS 2.0 and later versions of MS-DOS and in Microsoft Windows, the NTFS file system in the Windows NT family of operating systems, and the ODS-2 ...