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  2. Current loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_loop

    The pressure transmitter modulates the current on the loop to send the signal to the strip chart recorder, but does not in itself supply power to the loop and so is passive. Another loop may contain two passive chart recorders, a passive pressure transmitter, and a 24 V battery (the battery is the active device).

  3. Control valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve

    The second type of positioner is an analog I/P positioner. Most modern processing units use a 4 to 20 mA DC signal to modulate the control valves. This introduces electronics into the positioner design and requires that the positioner convert the electronic current signal into a pneumatic pressure signal (current-to-pneumatic or I/P).

  4. Transimpedance amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transimpedance_amplifier

    In electronics, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is a current to voltage converter, almost exclusively implemented with one or more operational amplifiers. The TIA can be used to amplify [1] the current output of Geiger–Müller tubes, photo multiplier tubes, accelerometers, photo detectors and other types of sensors to a usable voltage ...

  5. Operational transconductance amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_trans...

    In the ideal OTA, the output current is a linear function of the differential input voltage, calculated as follows: = (+) where V in+ is the voltage at the non-inverting input, V in− is the voltage at the inverting input and g m is the transconductance of the amplifier.

  6. Transducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer

    A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. [1] Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).

  7. Air-operated valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-operated_valve

    An air-operated valve, also known as a pneumatic valve, is a type of power-operated pipe valve that uses air pressure to perform a function similar to a solenoid. As air pressure is increased, the compressed air starts to push against the piston or diaphragm walls which causes the valve to actuate. Whether the valve opens or closes depends on ...

  8. Paschen's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschen's_law

    With a constant pressure, the voltage needed to cause an arc reduced as the gap size was reduced but only to a point. As the gap was reduced further, the voltage required to cause an arc began to rise and again exceeded its original value. For a given gas, the voltage is a function only of the product of the pressure and gap length.

  9. Piezoelectric sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_sensor

    Pressure sensors show false signal when they are exposed to vibrations. Sophisticated pressure sensors therefore use acceleration compensation elements in addition to the pressure sensing elements. By carefully matching those elements, the acceleration signal (released from the compensation element) is subtracted from the combined signal of ...