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  2. Dead centre (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_centre_(engineering)

    Top dead center in a gasoline engine. In a reciprocating engine, the dead centre is the position of a piston in which it is either furthest from, or nearest to, the crankshaft. The former is known as top dead centre (TDC) while the latter is known as bottom dead centre (BDC). [1] Position of pistons

  3. Ignition timing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_timing

    Sparks occurring after top dead center (ATDC) are usually counter-productive (producing wasted spark, back-fire, engine knock, etc.) unless there is need for a supplemental or continuing spark prior to the exhaust stroke. Setting the correct ignition timing is crucial in the performance of an engine. Sparks occurring too soon or too late in the ...

  4. Otto cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_cycle

    The processes are described by: [2] Process 0–1 a mass of air is drawn into piston/cylinder arrangement at constant pressure. Process 1–2 is an adiabatic (isentropic) compression of the charge as the piston moves from bottom dead center (BDC) to top dead center (TDC).

  5. Four-stroke engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

    This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing a partial vacuum (negative pressure) in the cylinder through its downward motion. Compression: This stroke ...

  6. Reciprocating engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine

    This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (TDC) and ends at bottom dead center (BDC). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing vacuum pressure into the cylinder through its downward motion.

  7. Compression ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratio

    Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads. Variable compression engines allow the volume above the piston at top dead centre to be changed. [11]

  8. Two-stroke engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_engine

    During the stroke from bottom dead center to top dead center, the end of the exhaust/intake (or scavenging) is completed along with the compression of the mixture. The second stroke encompasses the combustion of the mixture, the expansion of the burnt mixture and, near bottom dead center, the beginning of the scavenging flows. Two-stroke ...

  9. Valve timing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_timing

    BDC = Bottom dead centre; IO = Inlet valve opens; IC = Inlet valve closes; EO = Exhaust valve opens; EC = Exhaust valve closes; Either valve opens before the piston head reaches top dead centre or bottom dead centre. The amount in crankshaft degrees by which the valves open before top dead centre or bottom dead centre is reached is known as ...

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