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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
The person-first stance advocates for saying "people with disabilities" instead of "the disabled" or "a person who is deaf" instead of "a deaf person". [5] [6] [7] However, some advocate against this, saying it reflects a medical model of disability whereas "disabled person" is more appropriate and reflects the social model of disability. [8]
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
Brat: A term used to describe a badly-behaved or spoiled child. Burden: A term (also ableist) of contempt or disdain used to describe old and infirm or disabled people who either don't contribute to society or who contribute in a limited way; this lack of contribution may be imposed or facilitated by social stigma and other factors.
She worked with her parents to have the words "mentally retarded" officially removed from health and education code in Maryland, her home state. [15] With this new law, "mental retardation" and "mentally retarded" no longer exist in federal health or education and labor policy. The rights of individuals with disabilities would remain the same. [13]
In the United States "special needs" is a legal term applying in foster care, derived from the language in the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. It is a diagnosis used to classify children as needing more services than those children without special needs who are in the foster care system.
Mental disorder, also called mental illness or psychiatric disorder, a behavioral or mental pattern that causes impairment of personal functioning Neurodevelopmental disorder, a disorder of brain function; Emotional and behavioral disorders, a disability classification used in educational settings
A 2009 British study of 137 parents of autistic children found that 28% believe their children met the criteria for a savant skill, defined as a skill or power "at a level that would be unusual even for 'normal' people". [19] As many as 50 cases of sudden or acquired savant syndrome have been reported. [20] [21]