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AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
Risk factors for kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age, ethnic group and smoking. For most patients, a GFR over 60 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) is adequate. But significant decline of the GFR from a previous test result can be an early indicator of kidney disease requiring medical intervention.
Urine cytology is a test that looks for abnormal cells in urine under a microscope. The test commonly checks for infection, inflammatory disease of the urinary tract, cancer, or precancerous conditions. It can be part of a broader urinalysis. If a cancerous condition is detected, other tests and procedures are usually recommended to diagnose ...
Kidney failure can be divided into two categories: acute kidney failure or chronic kidney failure. The type of renal failure is differentiated by the trend in the serum creatinine ; other factors that may help differentiate acute kidney failure from chronic kidney failure include anemia and the kidney size on sonography as chronic kidney ...
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Ureter cancer rarely causes problems in the early stages, but as the cancer progresses, there are often side effects. [5] Symptoms of ureteral cancer may include "blood in the urine (); diminished urine stream and straining to void (caused by urethral stricture); frequent urination and increased nighttime urination (); hardening of tissue in the perineum, labia, or penis; itching; incontinence ...
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
The test is therefore unsuitable for detecting early-stage kidney disease. A better estimate of kidney function is given by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). eGFR can be calculated without a 24-hour urine collection, using serum creatinine concentration and some or all of the following variables: sex, age, and weight ...