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Anifrolumab, sold under the brand name Saphnelo, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. [5] [7] It binds to the type I interferon receptor, blocking the activity of type I interferons such as interferon-α and interferon-β. [medical citation needed]
Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. [7] [8] In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control. [2] They become a disease when swollen or inflamed; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease. [8]
Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or “piles”. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades.
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints , skin , kidneys , blood cells , heart , and lungs .
Kezar was testing the drug in patients with active lupus nephritis, which causes inflammation and damage in the kidneys due to a form of immune-related condition called lupus.
Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [ 1 ]
Hemorrhoids are amongst the most common anal disorders. Patients may complain of bleeding, prolapse, personal discomfort and minor anal leakage. Where traditional non-surgical measures such as rest, suppositories and dietary advice fail to improve the condition, there is then a choice of further treatments.
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