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In 2001 the national debt was $5.7 trillion; however, the debt-to-GDP ratio remained at 1990 levels. [376] Debt levels rose quickly in the following decade, and on January 28, 2010, the U.S. debt ceiling was raised to $14.3 trillion. [377]
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".
Congress made two issues of paper money, in 1775–1780, and in 1780–81. The first issue amounted to 242 million dollars. This paper money would supposedly be redeemed for state taxes, but the holders were eventually paid off in 1791 at the rate of one cent on the dollar.
The real estate industry is about 20% of the Chinese economy. [203] As of 2023, real property accounts for 60% of Chinese household assets. [182]: 161 Also as of 2023, China has the highest rate of home ownership in the world. [182]: 170 90% of urban households own their home. [182]: 170
The Polish złoty (alternative spelling: zloty; [1] Polish: polski złoty, Polish: ⓘ; [a] abbreviation: zł; code: PLN) [b] is the official currency and legal tender of Poland. It is subdivided into 100 grosz (gr). [c] It is the most-traded currency in Central and Eastern Europe and ranks 21st most-traded in the foreign exchange market. [2] [3]
In 2022, the share of external debt to GDP was 17%, decreasing from 26.3% in 2021. [198] [202] Russia's external debt was estimated at 381.8 billion U.S. dollars as of 1 January 2023, down 20.8 percent from the previous year. [203] Russia External Debt reached USD 357.9 billion in March 2023, compared with USD 380.5 billion in the previous quarter.
Mexico, [a] [b] officially the United Mexican States, [c] is a country in North America.It borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. [12]
At the 2020 census, the racial and ethnic composition of the state was 42.5% White (39.8% non-Hispanic White), 11.8% Black, 5.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 13.6% some other race, 17.6% two or more races, and 40.2% Hispanic and Latino American of any race.