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While the carry flag is well-defined for addition, there are two ways in common use to use the carry flag for subtraction operations. The first uses the bit as a borrow flag, setting it if a<b when computing a−b, and a borrow must be performed. If a≥b, the bit is cleared.
The carry, parity, auxiliary carry (or half carry), zero and sign flags are included in many architectures (many modern (RISC) architectures do not have flags, such as carry, and even if they do use flags, then half carry is rare, since BCD math no longer common, and it even has limited support on long mode on x86-64).
For subtractive operations, two (opposite) conventions are employed as most machines set the carry flag on borrow while some machines (such as the 6502 and the PIC) instead reset the carry flag on borrow (and vice versa). A carry can lead to integer overflow.
The Auxiliary Carry flag is set (to 1) if during an "add" operation there is a carry from the low nibble (lowest four bits) to the high nibble (upper four bits), or a borrow from the high nibble to the low nibble, in the low-order 8-bit portion, during a subtraction. Otherwise, if no such carry or borrow occurs, the flag is cleared or "reset ...
Most computers have two dedicated processor flags to check for overflow conditions. The carry flag is set when the result of an addition or subtraction, considering the operands and result as unsigned numbers, does not fit in the given number of bits. This indicates an overflow with a carry or borrow from the most significant bit.
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Add-with-carry, with the overflow-flag EFLAGS.OF serving as carry input and output, with other flags left unchanged. SMAP Supervisor Mode Access Prevention. Repurposes the EFLAGS.AC (alignment check) flag to a flag that prevents access to user-mode memory while in ring 0, 1 or 2. CLAC: NP 0F 01 CA: Clear EFLAGS.AC. 0 Broadwell, Goldmont, Zen 1 ...
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