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  2. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    Cyanide leaching "heap" at a gold mining operation near Elko, Nevada. On top of the large mounds of ore, are sprinklers dispensing a solution of cyanide. Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from ...

  3. Gold cyanidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_cyanidation

    Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. [1]

  4. Gold mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mining

    The dominant method for refining gold is a cyanide extraction method, or gold cyanidation, introduced in the late 1800s. This a metallurgical technique used to extract gold from lower grade ores by converting gold into a water-soluble coordination complex. [56] [57] Finely ground rock is treated with a solution of sodium cyanide.

  5. Pressure oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_oxidation

    Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [1] The pressure oxidation process is used to prepare such ores for conventional gold extraction processes such as cyanidation. It is performed in an autoclave at high pressure and temperature, where high-purity oxygen mixes with a slurry of ore. [2] When the ...

  6. Heap leaching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_leaching

    This method is an acid heap leaching method like that of the copper method in that it utilises sulfuric acid instead of cyanide solution to dissolve the target minerals from crushed ore. The amount of sulfuric acid required is much higher than for copper ores, as high as 1,000 kg of acid per tonne of ore, but 500 kg is more common.

  7. Extractive metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

    Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...

  8. Gold panning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_panning

    "Panning out" ~ Stereoscopic view of print taken by the U.S. Geological and Geographic Survey of the Territories ~ circa 1874–1879 Gold panning is a simple process. Once a suitable placer deposit is located, some alluvial deposits are scooped into a pan, where they are then wetted and loosed from attached soils by soaking, fingering, and aggressive agitation in water.

  9. Hydrometallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometallurgy

    An example is gold cyanidation, where pulverized ores are extracted with a solution of sodium cyanide, which, in the presence of air, dissolves the gold, leaving behind the nonprecious residue. Ball-and-stick model of the aurocyanide or dicyanoaurate(I) complex anion, [Au(CN) 2 ] − .

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