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Algorithm and variant Output size (bits) Internal state size (bits) Block size (bits) Rounds Operations Security against collision attacks (bits) Security against length extension attacks
Algorithm Output size (bits) Internal state size [note 1] Block size Length size Word size Rounds; BLAKE2b: 512 512 1024 128 [note 2]: 64 12 BLAKE2s: 256 256 512 64 [note 3]: 32 10
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
Among those n messages with the same MD5 hash, there is likely to be a collision in SHA-1. The additional work needed to find the SHA-1 collision (beyond the exponential birthday search) requires only polynomial time. [18] [19]
256-bit processors could be used for addressing directly up to 2 256 bytes. Already 2 128 (for 128-bit addressing) would greatly exceed the total data stored on Earth as of 2018, which has been estimated to be around 33.3 ZBs (over 2 74 bytes). [1]
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Therefore, in a final step, a second compression function compresses the last internal hash value (2n bits) to the final hash value (n bits). This can be done as simply as discarding half of the last 2n-bit output. SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 take this form since they are derived from a variant of SHA-512.
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