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Engine controls demand one of the highest real-time deadlines, as the engine itself is a very fast and complex part of the automobile. Of all the electronics in any car, the computing power of the engine control unit is the highest, typically a 32-bit processor. [citation needed] A modern car may have up to 100 ECU's and a commercial vehicle up ...
Singal, R.K. Internal Combustion Engines. New Delhi, India: Kataria Books. ISBN 978-93-5014-214-1. Stone, Richard (1992). Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines (2nd ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-55083-0. Yamagata, H. (2005). The Science and Technology of Materials in Automotive Engines. Woodhead Publishing in materials The science and ...
Vehicle dynamics is the study of vehicle motion, e.g., how a vehicle's forward movement changes in response to driver inputs, propulsion system outputs, ambient conditions, air/surface/water conditions, etc. Vehicle dynamics is a part of engineering primarily based on classical mechanics.
The development of external combustion (steam) engines is detailed as part of the history of the car but often treated separately from the development of true cars. A variety of steam-powered road vehicles were used during the first part of the 19th century, including steam cars , steam buses , phaetons , and steam rollers .
The 1996 Japanese-market Mitsubishi Galant was the first mass-produced car to use a GDI engine, when a GDI version of the Mitsubishi 4G93 inline-four engine was introduced. [52] [53] It was subsequently brought to Europe in 1997 in the Carisma. [54] It also developed the first six-cylinder GDI engine, the Mitsubishi 6G74 V6 engine, in 1997. [55]
Lancia produced V4 engines until 1976, when they were replaced by flat-four engines. The 1960–1994 ZAZ Zaporozhets is a Soviet city-type car that used a rear-mounted V4 engine. [9] This engine was based on the design used in the LuAZ-967 amphibious military vehicle. It featured air-cooling with a magnesium block and was produced in ...
Haynes Owner's Workshop Manuals (commonly known as Haynes Manuals) is a series of manuals from the British publisher Haynes Publishing Group.The series focuses primarily on the maintenance and repair of automotive vehicles and covers a range of makes and models, with manuals for over 600 car and 225 motorcycle models.
A circa-1970 AMC 232 automotive engine. A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol ().Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85).