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The combined death toll of civilians for the Battle of Manila was about 100,000, most of which was attributed to massacres by Japanese forces. [10] [11] [2] Some historians, citing a higher civilian casualty rate for the entire battle, suggest that 100,000 to 500,000 died as a result of the Manila massacre on its own, exclusive of other causes.
Mariano Numeriano Castañeda (20 December 1892 – 8 September 1970) was a Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from 1948 to 1951 and also served as Military Governor of Cavite during World War II.
Even in the Philippines, the 1945 battle by American and Filipino forces to liberate Manila is largely forgotten. Researchers and historians are trying to change that. This city was ravaged in WWII.
National historical marker installed in Brgy. Pio del Pilar, Makati, in 1983. del Pilar was born Pío Isidro y Castañeda in Barrio Culi-culi (now Pio del Pilar), San Pedro de Macati (present-day Makati) on July 11, 1860, to Isaac del Pilar, a farmer from Pasay, and Antonia Castaňeda, an embroider from San Felipe Neri (present-day Mandaluyong). [1]
The officers take their group to the Manila Hotel for a tryst, but upon finding that they are biologically male, they are arrested and sent to a barracks, where they are repeatedly raped by Japanese soldiers, earning them the moniker "comfort gays", until they escape during an Allied bombing raid. The experience leaves a deep scar on Markova ...
Manila, Open City (International Title: American Tank Force) is a 1968 war film written, produced, and directed by Eddie Romero about the Battle of Manila in World War II. [1] The film was screened upon the launching of the National Film Archive of the Philippines in December 2011. [2] The film is in the public domain. [3]
Baler is located on the eastern coast of Luzon, about 225 kilometres (140 mi) from Manila.The Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule started in 1896. In September 1897, the Spanish garrisoned Baler with 50 Civil Guard soldiers under Lieutenant José Mota, to prevent Emilio Aguinaldo from receiving smuggled arms. [3]
Reception of the Manila galleon by the Chamorro in the Ladrones Islands, c. 1590. The Boxer Codex is a late-16th-century Spanish manuscript produced in the Philippines. It contains 75 colored illustrations of the peoples of China, the Philippines, Japan, Java, the Moluccas, the Ladrones, and Siam. About 270 pages of Spanish text describe these ...