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Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin (Persian: ابوالقاسم محمود بن سبکتگین, romanized: Abu al-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn Sabuktigīn; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030), usually known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi (محمود غزنوی), [2] was Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030.
Coin of Mahmud minted in Ghazni. Most coins were minted in Parwan, they were made of gold, silver, and copper. Mahmud was the first Muslim ruler to commission coinage featuring bilingual inscriptions and dates in both Arabic and Sanskrit/Devanagari. [4] Mahmud left the empire to his son Mohammed, who was mild, affectionate and soft.
Map of the Ghaznavid Empire 1000 AD before their invasion of the Shahis and Kashmir. After the death of Anandapala in A.D. 1012, Mahmud of the Ghaznavid Empire launched a renewed campaign against the Shahis. In A.D. 1013, Mahmud marched towards Nandana in the Salt Range, where he faced opposition from Trilochanapala, successor to Anandapala. [2]
The conquest of Multan significantly strengthened Mahmud of Ghazni's empire, aligning the region with Sunni orthodoxy and integrating it into the larger Ghaznavid domain. It also marked the decline of Ismailism as a political force in South Asia , although its spiritual legacy endured in various communities.
He seized Ghazni from Abu Bakr Lawik, a kinsman of the Kabulshah, and secured his position by receiving an investiture from the Samanids as the governor of Ghazni. Alp-Tegin died a few months later (September 963) and was succeeded by his son Abu Ishaq Ibrahim , [ 4 ] who briefly lost control of Ghazni after an invasion by its former ruler, Abu ...
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Ghazni: Ismail of Ghazni (Amir of Ghazna) Mahmud: Mahmud of Ghazna is made Amir of Ghazna. [4] May 999 Battle of Merv Merv: Mahmud of Ghazni(Samanid forces for Mansur II) Samanid forces of Abd al-Malik II: Mahmud of Ghazni [5] 1001 Battle of Peshawar: Peshawar: Mahmud of Ghazni: Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids [6] 1005-6 Siege of Multan Multan ...
The Ghaznavid campaigns in India refer to a series of military expeditions lasting 54 years (973–1027) [original research?] launched by the Ghaznavid Empire, a prominent empire of the 10th and 11th centuries, into the Indian subcontinent, led primarily by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (r.