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Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
In tethered spinal cord cases spina bifida can be accompanied by tethering of the spinal cord but in rare cases with Spina bifida occulta. Tethering of the spinal cord tends to occur in the cases of Spina bifida with mylomeningocele. In most people the spine grows faster than the spinal cord during development which causes the end of the spinal ...
Jarcho–Levin syndrome associated with spina bifida and diastematomyelia (type I split cord malformation) 4: Duru S et al. 1999: 2: First case of 2-year-old girl, spondylocostal dysostosis with lipomyelomeningocele, and polythelia on the right side. Second case of 6-month-old girl, spondylocostal dysostosis with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus
Spina bifida cystica includes meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele is less severe and is characterized by herniation of the meninges, but not the spinal cord, through the opening in the spinal canal. Myelomeningocele involves herniation of the meninges as well as the spinal cord through the opening. [19] Spina bifida occulta means ...
In neurology, a lipomyelomeningocele is a type of closed neural tube defect that affects around 3 to 6 babies out of 100,000 births. [1] [2] It is an example of a spinal lipoma, which is a collection of adipose tissue, or fat, that is located at or around the spinal cord.
Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...
About 80–90% of fetuses or newborn infants with the neural-tube defect spina bifida—often associated with meningocele or myelomeningocele—develop hydrocephalus. [ 23 ] Secondary (Acquired)
Lateral meningocele syndrome, also known as Lehman syndrome, [2] is a very rare skeletal disorder with facial anomalies, hypotonia, and meningocele-related neurologic dysfunction. [3] These protrusions form from membranes surrounding the spinal cord in gaps in the spine (vertebrae). [ 4 ]