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  2. Bone spavin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_spavin

    Bone spavin indicated by A.. Bone spavin is osteoarthritis, or the final phase of degenerative joint disease (DJD), in the lower three hock joints.It usually affects the two lowest joints of the hock (the tarsometatarsal and the distal intertarsal joints), with the third joint, the proximal intertarsal, being the least likely to develop bone spavin.

  3. Treatment of equine lameness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_equine_lameness

    This procedure may be performed standing, but a more thorough lavage using a greater volume of saline may be used when performed under general anesthesia. Joint lavage is a regular component of arthroscopic surgery. It is especially helpful in patients with severe lameness secondary to acute synovitis. [3]

  4. Hock (anatomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hock_(anatomy)

    Degenerative joint disease of the tarsometatarsal and/or distal intertarsal joint is referred to as bone spavin. Curb , or tarsal plantar desmitis, is traditionally considered a sprain of the plantar ligament, which runs down the back of the hock, serving functionally as a tension band connecting the calcaneus, the fourth tarsal bone and the ...

  5. Lameness (equine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lameness_(equine)

    Bone spavin: osteoarthritis of the distal hock joints, which produces lameness and is sometimes seen as a visible, hard swelling on the inside of the hock joint. [61] A horse with bowed tendons. Bowed tendon: tendinitis of the superficial or deep digital flexor tendons, which leads to a "bowed" appearance when the tendon is seen in profile ...

  6. Flexion test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexion_test

    A flexion test is a preliminary veterinary procedure performed on a horse, generally during a prepurchase or a lameness exam. The purpose is to accentuate any pain that may be associated with a joint or soft-tissue structure, allowing the practitioner to localize a lameness to a specific area, or to alert a practitioner to the presence of sub-clinical disease that may be present during a pre ...

  7. Intermetatarsal joints - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermetatarsal_joints

    The intermetatarsal joints are the articulations between the base of metatarsal bones. The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb. The bases of the other four metatarsals are connected by the dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments.

  8. JAL-Sumitomo JV secures right to place order for up to 100 ...

    www.aol.com/news/jal-sumitomo-jv-secures-place...

    (Reuters) -Archer Aviation said on Thursday a joint venture between Japan Airlines and Sumitomo Corp had secured the right to place orders for up to 100 of its electric air-taxis worth $500 million.

  9. Cost estimate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_estimate

    A cost estimate is the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation. The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values. A problem with a cost overrun can be avoided with a credible, reliable, and accurate cost estimate. A cost ...