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  2. Raschig–Hooker process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raschig–Hooker_process

    The Raschig–Hooker process's ability to make phenol makes it comparable to other methods, such as the Dow and Bayer process, which also converts benzene into phenol. In fact, the ability to recycle the hydrogen chloride made the Raschig–Hooker process preferable to the Dow and Bayer process, which requires its sodium chloride product to be ...

  3. Cumene process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumene_process

    The term stems from cumene (isopropyl benzene), the intermediate material during the process. It was invented by R. Ūdris and P. Sergeyev in 1942 (USSR), [1] and independently by Heinrich Hock in 1944. [2] [3] This process converts two relatively cheap starting materials, benzene and propylene, into two more valuable ones, phenol and acetone.

  4. Bouveault aldehyde synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouveault_aldehyde_synthesis

    The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,N-disubstituted formamide.

  5. Dow process (phenol) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_process_(phenol)

    Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] It is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide, which yields phenol upon acidification. [2]

  6. Buchner ring expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchner_ring_expansion

    The generated carbene adds to one of the double bonds of benzene to form the cyclopropane ring. carbene insertion. The advent of transition metal catalyzed reagents provides alternative stereospecific methods for cyclopropanation. The choices for metals include Cu, Rh and Ru with a variety of ligands. [13]

  7. Sandmeyer reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandmeyer_reaction

    The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene, such as halogenation, cyanation, trifluoromethylation, and hydroxylation. The reaction was discovered in 1884 by Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer , when he attempted to synthesize phenylacetylene from benzenediazonium chloride and copper(I ...

  8. Formylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formylation

    Formyl functional group is shown in blue. Formylation refers to any chemical processes in which a compound is functionalized with a formyl group (-CH=O). In organic chemistry, the term is most commonly used with regards to aromatic compounds (for example the conversion of benzene to benzaldehyde in the Gattermann–Koch reaction).

  9. Acetophenone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetophenone

    Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate: