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In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [ 2 ] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
Polycythemia vera (PCV) (a.k.a. polycythemia rubra vera (PRV)) occurs when excess red blood cells are produced as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow. [3] Often, excess white blood cells and platelets are also produced. A hallmark of polycythemia vera is an elevated hematocrit, with Hct > 55% seen in 83% of cases. [20]
Bloodletting was used to "treat" a wide range of diseases, becoming a standard treatment for almost every ailment, and was practiced prophylactically as well as therapeutically. Scarificator Scarificator mechanism Scarificator, showing depth adjustment bar Diagram of scarificator, showing depth adjustment. A number of different methods were ...
Currently, the most common cause is displacement of bone marrow by metastatic cancer (extramedullary hematopoiesis tends to be modest). Other causes include myeloproliferative disorders (especially late-stage or spent polycythemia vera), granulomatous diseases, and (lipid) storage diseases. Myelofibrosis can occur in all of these.
The excessive fluid is usually blood, and can be a sign of a number of conditions with different causes. An excess of blood may be either an excessive blood flow to an area of the body, or an increase in the volume of blood (polycythemia). Extra perfusion to the face is termed facial plethora, a hallmark sign of Cushing's syndrome. [1]
Chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, acute myeloid leukemia, allergic reactions or chronic inflammation related to infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disease. Diagnostic method: Complete blood count and blood smear.
Treatment IVIG , theophylline , terbutaline , montelukast Capillary leak syndrome , or vascular leak syndrome , is characterized by the escape of blood plasma through capillary walls , from the blood circulatory system to surrounding tissues, muscle compartments, organs or body cavities.
Hemoglobinemia (or haemoglobinaemia) is a medical condition in which there is an excess of hemoglobin in the blood plasma.This is an effect of intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin separates from red blood cells, a form of anemia.
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