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Open emitter output exposes the emitter as the output. [2] For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a ...
Open-emitter buffers connected as wired OR. See also: Diode logic § Active-high OR logic gate. The wired OR connection electrically performs the Boolean logic operation of an OR gate using open emitter or similar inputs (which can be identified by the ⎏ symbol in schematics) connected to a shared output with a pull-down resistor. This gate ...
Figure 2: Adding an emitter resistor decreases gain, but increases linearity and stability. Common-emitter amplifiers give the amplifier an inverted output and can have a very high gain that may vary widely from one transistor to the next. The gain is a strong function of both temperature and bias current, and so the actual gain is somewhat ...
As a result, the common emitter resistor R E acts nearly as a current source. The output voltages at the collector load resistors R C1 and R C3 are shifted and buffered to the inverting and non-inverting outputs by the emitter followers T4 and T5 (shaded blue). The output emitter resistors R E4 and R E5 do not exist in all versions of ECL. In ...
The transistor continuously monitors V diff and adjusts its emitter voltage to equal V in minus the mostly constant V BE (approximately one diode forward voltage drop) by passing the collector current through the emitter resistor R E. As a result, the output voltage follows the input voltage variations from V BE up to V +; hence the name ...
The heart of an I2L circuit is the common emitter open collector inverter. Typically, an inverter consists of an NPN transistor with the emitter connected to ground and the base biased with a forward current from the current source. The input is supplied to the base as either a current sink (low logic level) or as a high-z floating condition ...
Resistor, R1, supplies the Zener current and the base current (I B) of NPN transistor (Q1). The constant Zener voltage is applied across the base of Q1 and emitter resistor, R2. Voltage across R 2 (V R2) is given by V Z − V BE, where V BE is the base-emitter drop of Q1. The emitter current of Q1 which is also the current through R2 is given by
The maximum collector-to-base voltage, with emitter open-circuit. Typical values 25 to 1200 volts. V CER The maximum voltage rating between collector and emitter with some specified resistance (or less) between base and emitter. A more realistic rating for real-world circuits than the open-base or open-emitter scenarios above. V EBO
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