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1989: Thomas Cech discovered that RNA can catalyze chemical reactions, [60] making for one of the most important breakthroughs in molecular genetics, because it elucidates the true function of poorly understood segments of DNA. 1989: The human gene that encodes the CFTR protein was sequenced by Francis Collins and Lap-Chee Tsui.
1961 – Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, Leslie Barnett and R.J. Watts-Tobin prove the triplet nature of the genetic code. 1961 – Marshall W. Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthaei deciphered the first codon of the genetic code. 1964 – Marshall W. Nirenberg and Philip Leder deciphered the rest of the genetic code.
A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics. In the following years, chemists developed techniques for sequencing both nucleic acids and proteins, while many others worked out the relationship between ...
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
Timeline of Banksia; Timeline of biology and organic chemistry; ... Timeline of the history of genetics; H. Timeline of human evolution; Human mitochondrial molecular ...
As with Haldane and Fisher, Dobzhansky's "evolutionary genetics" [59] was a genuine science, now unifying cell biology, genetics, and both micro and macroevolution. [44] His work emphasized that real-world populations had far more genetic variability than the early population geneticists had assumed in their models and that genetically distinct ...
The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.. These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.
Molecular evolution overlaps with population genetics, especially on shorter timescales. Topics in molecular evolution include the origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, the evolution of development, and patterns and processes underlying genomic changes during evolution.