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An anthracite pile in Trevorton, Pennsylvania. Anthracite derives from the Greek anthrakítēs (ἀνθρακίτης), literally "coal-like". [9] Other terms which refer to anthracite are black coal, hard coal, stone coal, [10] [11] dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), [7] Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), [10] crow coal or craw coal, and black diamond.
In 1810, 176,000 short tons of bituminous coal, and 2,000 tons of anthracite coal, were mined in the United States. American coal mining grew rapidly in the early 1820s, doubling or tripling every decade. Anthracite mining overtook bituminous coal mining in the 1840s; from 1843 through 1868, more anthracite was mined than bituminous coal.
Industrialists Hazard and White showed the way. The developments of the canal and then railroad system made transporting the anthracite exponentially easier, and by the 1860s anthracite coal was regularly supplying urban centers like Philadelphia and New York City and was helping to fuel the American Industrial Revolution.
A collection of nostalgia and regionalisms from the Anthracite Coal Region of Pennsylvania; The Anthracite Coal region; Map of the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania; History of anthracite coal mining; Abandoned Anthracite Mines in PA; Brief history of the Molly Maguires "A Jewel In the Crown of Old King Coal Eckley Miners' Village" by Tony ...
The nonprofit Underground Miners organization of anthracite coal mine ... Aug. 12—SCRANTON — The oldest tourist mine in Pennsylvania is now also the newest. The Brooks Mine, a model mine in ...
Anthracite coal began to be widely used in Wales in 1813 and France by 1814, and throughout the eastern United States by 1828. [11] [13] Efforts were soon made to discover ways to process anthracite coal to achieve the desired uniformity. The modern coal breaker can be traced to 1844. [4]
The grade of coal produced depended on the maximum pressure and temperature reached, with lignite (also called "brown coal") produced under relatively mild conditions, and sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, or anthracite coal (also called "hard coal" or "black coal") produced in turn with increasing temperature and pressure. [2] [22]
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