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The Tevaram (Tamil: தேவாரம், Tēvāram), also spelled Thevaram, denotes the first seven volumes of the twelve-volume collection Tirumurai, a Shaiva narrative of epic and Puranic heroes, as well as a hagiographic account of early Shaiva saints set in devotional poetry. [1] The Tevaram volumes contain the works of the three most ...
Manikkavasagar's Thiruvasagam and Thirukovayar are compiled as the eighth Thirumurai and is full of visionary experience, divine love and urgent striving for truth. [2] Though he is not counted as one of the 63 Shaiva nayanars, he is counted as one of the Nalvars ("The Four") consisting of himself and the first three nayanars namely Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar. [3]
The Odhuvars were from the vellala community and were trained in ritual singing in Tevaram schools. [27] Periya Puranam, the eleventh-century Tamil book on the Nayanars that forms the last volume of the Tirumurai, primarily had references only to Tevaram and subsequently expanded to 12 parts and is one of the first anthologies of Tirumurai. [28]
Appar's poems dealt with inner, emotional and psychological state of the poet saint. [2] The metaphors used in the poems have deep agrarian influence that is considered one of the striking chords for common people to get accustomed to the verse. [18] The quote below is a popular song of Appar glorifying Shiva in simple diction. [19]
The three foremost Nayanars with Manikkavacakar - collectively called the Nalvar: (from left) Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar, and Manikkavacakar. Tevaram literally means, "garland of divine songs" and refers to the collection of verses sung in praise of Shiva, the supreme god of the Shaivite sect of Hinduism, by three Tamil poets known as Shaiva Kuruvars - Sambandar, Appar, and Sundarar. [2]
Maha Prasthanam is a Telugu-language anthology of poems written by Srirangam Srinivasarao. It is considered an epic and magnum opus in modern Indian poetry. [1] [2] [3] The work is a compilation of poetry written between 1930 and 1940. [4] When it was published in 1950, it redefined the Telugu literary world.
The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE), [2] with some scholars suggesting it may have been composed a few centuries later. [ 3 ] The anthologies and poems of the Sangam literature have numerous references and verses to Murugan – also known as Subrahmanya, Kumara, Skanda, Kartikeya in other parts of ...
The Tevaram hymns compositions of Sundarar are a source of biographical information about him, as are the hagiographic texts written about him few centuries after he died. [4] Sundarar was born in Tirunavalur in a Shaiva Brahmin family to Sadaiya Nayanar and Isaignaniyar towards the end of the 7th century. [ 5 ]