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Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. [1]
The clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. [3] It slopes gradually to the anterior part of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. Synchondrosis of these two bones forms the clivus. The clivus extends inferiorly to the foramen magnum. [3]
Isolated cases of near-complete recovery after life-threatening symptoms are known. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] In case of posterior displacement of the head, a concomitant fracture of the atlas with backward migration of the posterior arch is associated with improved chance of survival, as this allows the spinal cord and medulla to migrate backward without ...
Chordoma is a rare slow-growing neoplasm thought to arise from cellular remnants of the notochord.The evidence for this is the location of the tumors (along the neuraxis), the similar immunohistochemical staining patterns, and the demonstration that notochordal cells are preferentially left behind in the clivus and sacrococcygeal regions when the remainder of the notochord regresses during ...
The Clivus. The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla, [1] superior to the medullary pyramid, [2] and medial to the facial nerve. It runs upwards and forwards from this position to reach the eye. The nerve enters the subarachnoid space (more precisely, the pontine cistern [2]) when it emerges from ...
The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the ...
The anterior clinoid process projects over the internal carotid artery, which supplies the majority of blood to the brain. Because of the "spear-like" shape of the ACP and the large size of this artery, it is possible (though rare) that as a complication of major head trauma, the ACP may puncture the vessel and cause intracranial hemorrhage. [4]
However, patients with isolated sphenoid sinusitis may complain of occipital or vertex headache, retro-orbital pain, otalgia, drowsiness, or meningitis-like symptoms. [7] A potential complication of sphenoidal sinusitis is cavernous sinus thrombosis. [7] If a fast-growing tumor erodes the floor of the sphenoidal sinus, the vidian nerve may be ...