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The four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system. The axes of a two-dimensional Cartesian system divide the plane into four infinite regions, called quadrants, each bounded by two half-axes. The axes themselves are, in general, not part of the respective quadrants.
The quadrants may be named or numbered in various ways, but the quadrant where all coordinates are positive is usually called the first quadrant. If the coordinates of a point are (x, y), then its distances from the X-axis and from the Y-axis are | y | and | x |, respectively; where | · | denotes the absolute value of a number.
Let (x, y, z) be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and (ρ, θ, φ) the spherical coordinates, with θ the angle measured away from the +Z axis (as , see conventions in spherical coordinates). As φ has a range of 360° the same considerations as in polar (2 dimensional) coordinates apply whenever an arctangent of it is taken. θ has a range ...
A quadratrix in the first quadrant (x, y) is a curve with y = ρ sin θ equal to the fraction of the quarter circle with radius r determined by the radius through the curve point. Since this fraction is 2 r θ π {\displaystyle {\frac {2r\theta }{\pi }}} , the curve is given by ρ ( θ ) = 2 r θ π sin θ {\displaystyle \rho (\theta ...
Alternatively, the conversion can be considered as two sequential rectangular to polar conversions: the first in the Cartesian xy plane from (x, y) to (R, φ), where R is the projection of r onto the xy-plane, and the second in the Cartesian zR-plane from (z, R) to (r, θ).
A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.
atan2(y, x) returns the angle θ between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (x, y), confined to (−π, π].Graph of (,) over /. In computing and mathematics, the function atan2 is the 2-argument arctangent.
The horizontal plane shows the four quadrants between x- and y-axis. (Vertex numbers are little-endian balanced ternary.) An octant in solid geometry is one of the eight divisions of a Euclidean three-dimensional coordinate system defined by the signs of the coordinates. It is analogous to the two-dimensional quadrant and the one-dimensional ...