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Dry measures are units of volume to measure bulk commodities that are not fluids and that were typically shipped and sold in standardized containers such as barrels.They have largely been replaced by the units used for measuring volumes in the metric system and liquid volumes in the imperial system but are still used for some commodities in the US customary system.
In 1824, these units were replaced with a single system based on the imperial gallon. [a] Originally defined as the volume of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water (under certain conditions), [b] then redefined by the Weights and Measures Act 1985 to be exactly 4.546 09 L (277.4 cu in), the imperial gallon is close in size to the old ale gallon.
[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [4] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
The common 55-gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half-pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons.
The dry gallon's implicit value in the US system was originally one eighth of the Winchester bushel, which was a cylindrical measure of 18.5 inches (469.9 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (203.2 mm) in depth, making it an irrational number of cubic inches; its value to seven significant digits was 268.8025 cubic inches (4.404884 litres), from an ...
The sizes of gallon used in these two systems were different from each other: the first was based on the wine gallon (equal in size to the US gallon), and the second one either the ale gallon or the larger imperial gallon. By the end of the 18th century, there were three definitions of the gallon in common use:
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Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. [2] The modern tun is about 954 litres. The word tun is etymologically related to the word ton for the unit of mass, the mass of a tun of wine being approximately one long ton , which is 2 240 pounds ...