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The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas [1]), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other.
Costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula: Artery: Lateral thoracic artery, superior thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) Nerve: Long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5-C7) Actions: Protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation. Antagonist: Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius ...
In addition to the four muscles of the rotator cuff, the deltoid muscle and teres major muscles arise and exist in the shoulder region itself. [3] The deltoid muscle covers the shoulder joint on three sides, arising from the front upper third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula, and travelling to insert on the deltoid ...
In addition to scapular translation, the trapezius induces scapular rotation. The upper and lower fibers tend to rotate the scapula around the sternoclavicular articulation so that the acromion and inferior angles move up and the medial border moves down (upward rotation).
Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula Floor of bicipital groove of humerus Teres major: Lower third of lateral border of scapula: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Teres minor: Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation
Downward rotation would be prevented by co-contraction of other muscles that elevate the spine, the upper fibers of the trapezius, which is an upward rotator. When the shoulder is fixed, levator scapulae rotates to the same side and flexes the cervical spine laterally.
The rotator cuff muscles are important in shoulder movements and in maintaining glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) stability. [4] These muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff at the shoulder joint. They hold the head of the humerus in the small and shallow glenoid fossa of the scapula.
The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle. Muscle synergies are noted in parentheses when relevant. O (Occurrences) Number of times that the named muscle row occurs in a standard human body. Here it may also be denoted when a given muscles only occurs in a male or a female body.