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Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in
Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells .
Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are anticholinergics. Parasympatholytic agents and sympathomimetic agents have similar effects to each other, although some differences between the two groups can be observed. For example, both cause mydriasis, but parasympatholytics reduce accommodation (cycloplegia), whereas sympathomimetics do not.
This article lists veterinary pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many veterinary drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Abbreviations are used in the list as follows: INN = International Nonproprietary Name; BAN = British Approved Name; USAN = United States Adopted Name
Combined use of medications with anticholinergics may cause synergistic (supra-additive), additive, or antagonistic interactions, leading to no therapeutic effect or overdosing. [25] [26] Below listed are some medications or food that can interact with anticholinergics. Medications indicated for: Irregular heartbeat, e.g. disopyramide ...
If you’re unsure whether your cat needs a medical evaluation, try calling the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or the Pet Poison Hotline (855-764-7661).
Feline disease refers to infections or illnesses that affect cats. They may cause symptoms, sickness or the death of the animal. Some diseases are symptomatic in one cat but asymptomatic in others. Feline diseases are often opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have concurrent sicknesses.