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  2. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    Eukaryotes initiate DNA replication at multiple points in the chromosome, so replication forks meet and terminate at many points in the chromosome. Because eukaryotes have linear chromosomes, DNA replication is unable to reach the very end of the chromosomes. Due to this problem, DNA is lost in each replication cycle from the end of the chromosome.

  3. Pyrimidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimidine

    Pyrimidine (C 4 H 4 N 2; / p ɪ ˈ r ɪ. m ɪ ˌ d iː n, p aɪ ˈ r ɪ. m ɪ ˌ d iː n /) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C 5 H 5 N). [3] One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.

  4. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    Both RNA and DNA contain two major purine bases, adenine (A) and guanine (G), and two major pyrimidines. In both DNA and RNA, one of the pyrimidines is cytosine (C). However, DNA and RNA differ in the second major pyrimidine. DNA contains thymine (T) while RNA contains uracil (U).

  5. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    These purine-pyrimidine pairs, which are called base complements, connect the two strands of the helix and are often compared to the rungs of a ladder. Only pairing purine with pyrimidine ensures a constant width for the DNA. The A–T pairing is based on two hydrogen bonds, while the C–G pairing is based on three.

  6. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    Enzymes called DNA ligases can rejoin cut or broken DNA strands. [130] Ligases are particularly important in lagging strand DNA replication, as they join the short segments of DNA produced at the replication fork into a complete copy of the DNA template. They are also used in DNA repair and genetic recombination.

  7. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    DNA replication on the lagging strand is discontinuous. In lagging strand synthesis, the movement of DNA polymerase in the opposite direction of the replication fork requires the use of multiple RNA primers. DNA polymerase will synthesize short fragments of DNA called Okazaki fragments which are added to the 3' end of the primer. These ...

  8. Base pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair

    The bigger nucleobases, adenine and guanine, are members of a class of double-ringed chemical structures called purines; the smaller nucleobases, cytosine and thymine (and uracil), are members of a class of single-ringed chemical structures called pyrimidines. Purines are complementary only with pyrimidines: pyrimidinepyrimidine pairings are ...

  9. Deoxyribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribonucleotide

    The nitrogenous bases are either purines or pyrimidines, heterocycles whose structures support the specific base-pairing interactions that allow nucleic acids to carry information. The base is always bonded to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose, an analog of ribose in which the hydroxyl group of the 2'-carbon is replaced with a hydrogen atom.