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A retrospective exhibition presents works from an extended period of an artist's activity. Similarly, a retrospective compilation album is assembled from a recording artist's past material, usually their greatest hits. A television or newsstand special about an actor, politician, or other celebrity will present a retrospective of the subject's ...
The Retrospective Review was an English periodical published from 1820 to 1828. It was founded by Henry Southern, who edited it to 1826, as well as contributing.
A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a longitudinal cohort study used in medical and psychological research. A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared with another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to that factor, to determine the factor's influence on the incidence of a ...
Retrospective drug utilization review refers to drug therapy review that after patients have got the medication. [10] The retrospective drug utilization review has a typical process. [12] This is a computer based review. Computer will show data which are in violation of the standard.
Utilization management (UM) or utilization review is the use of managed care techniques such as prior authorization that allow payers, particularly health insurance companies, to manage the cost of health care benefits by assessing its medical appropriateness before it is provided, by using evidence-based criteria or guidelines.
Cohort studies can be retrospective (looking back in time, thus using existing data such as medical records or claims database) or prospective (requiring the collection of new data). [3] Retrospective cohort studies restrict the investigators' ability to reduce confounding and bias because collected information is restricted to data that ...
Recall bias is of particular concern in retrospective studies that use a case-control design to investigate the etiology of a disease or psychiatric condition. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] For example, in studies of risk factors for breast cancer , women who have had the disease may search their memories more thoroughly than members of the unaffected ...
Pooled analyses may be either retrospective or prospective. [1] It is often used when the results of individual studies do not allow for a firm conclusion to be drawn. [ 2 ] Unlike meta-analyses, pooled analyses can only be conducted if the included studies used the same study design and statistical models, and if their respective populations ...