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Diabetes and deafness (DAD) or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) or mitochondrial diabetes is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA, which consists of a circular genome. It is associated with the genes MT-TL1, MT-TE, and MT-TK. [1]
Hearing impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is thought to be caused by several pathophysiological mechanisms, including microangiopathy, neuropathy, and mitochondrial damage. Microangiopathy in diabetes results from glycoprotein accumulation and endothelial damage, affecting highly microvascular structures like the cochlea .
Hearing loss is another long-term complication associated with diabetes. [33] Based on extensive data and numerous cases of gallstone disease, it appears that a causal link might exist between type 2 diabetes and gallstones. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing gallstones compared to those without diabetes. [34]
It consists of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness, hence the acronym DIDMOAD. [20] While obesity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes that may be linked to lifestyle, obesity is also a trait that may be strongly inherited.
Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders including neurodegeneration.
Mitochondrial myopathy with diabetes (Mitochondrial myopathy, lipid type) MT-TE: MT 500002 [21] Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) (Diabetes and deafness (DAD); Ballinger–Wallace syndrome; Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with deafness, maternally inherited) MT-TL1, MT-TE, MT-TK: MT 520000 [22]
The most common type of congenital hearing loss in developed countries is DFNB1, also known as connexin 26 deafness or GJB2-related deafness. The most common dominant syndromic forms of hearing loss include Stickler syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. The most common recessive syndromic forms of hearing loss are Pendred syndrome and Usher syndrome.
Diabetes and deafness; Diabetes in Australia; Diabetes in cats; Diabetes in dogs; Diabetes in India; Diabetes in Indigenous Australians; Diabetes in Japan; Diabetes in the United States; Diabetes and pregnancy; Diabetes Mine; Diabetes self-management; Biomarkers of diabetes; Diabetic diet (low-carb) DLife; Joel S. Douglas