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POD return values 33–64 bits in size are returned via the EAX:EDX registers. Non-POD return values or values larger than 64-bits, the calling code will allocate space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack. The called function writes the return value to this address. Stack aligned on 4-byte boundary. stdcall ...
Branch-and-link instructions store the return address in a special link register separate from the general-purpose registers; a routine returns to its caller with a branch instruction that uses the link register as the destination address. Leaf routines do not need to save or restore the link register; non-leaf routines must save the return ...
The source operand can be either an XMM register (xmm2) or a memory address (m64). When the source operand is an XMM register, the lower half of the register is used in the operation. When the source operand is a memory address, it is assumed to be the address of an 8-byte region, the value at which is used in the operation.
When a function executes, it may add some of its local state data to the top of the stack; when the function exits it is responsible for removing that data from the stack. At a minimum, a thread's stack is used to store the location of a return address provided by the caller in order to allow return statements to return to the correct location.
In contrast, an application programming interface (API) defines this access in source code, which is a relatively high-level, hardware-independent, often human-readable format. A common aspect of an ABI is the calling convention , which determines how data is provided as input to, or read as output from, computational routines.
In Java, the signature of a method or a class contains its name and the types of its method arguments and return value, where applicable. The format of signatures is documented, as the language, compiler, and .class file format were all designed together (and had object-orientation and universal interoperability in mind from the start).
GCC has been ported to more platforms and instruction set architectures than any other compiler, and is widely deployed as a tool in the development of both free and proprietary software. GCC is also available for many embedded systems, including ARM-based and Power ISA-based chips.
Some compilers (for example, GCC [7]) provide built-in versions of many of the functions in the C standard library; that is, the implementations of the functions are written into the compiled object file, and the program calls the built-in versions instead of the functions in the C library shared object file.