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JT-60 was first designed in the 1970's during a period of increased interest in nuclear fusion from major world powers. In particular, the US , UK and Japan were motivated by the excellent performance of the Soviet T-3 in 1968 to further advance the field.
The CANDU reactors can be used to activate 59 Co, by substituting the control rods with cobalt rods. [11] In the United States, as of 2010, it is being produced in a boiling water reactor at Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station. The cobalt targets are substituted here for a small number of fuel assemblies. [12]
tech: installed capacity of the largest nuclear power plant, the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, before it was permanently shut down in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. 10 10: 1.17 × 10 10: tech: power produced by the Space Shuttle in liftoff configuration (9.875 GW from the SRBs; 1.9875 GW from the SSMEs.) [32] 1.26 × 10 10
In a fission nuclear reactor, uranium-238 can be used to generate plutonium-239, which itself can be used in a nuclear weapon or as a nuclear-reactor fuel supply. In a typical nuclear reactor, up to one-third of the generated power comes from the fission of 239 Pu, which is not supplied as a fuel to the reactor, but rather, produced from 238 U. [5] A certain amount of production of 239
[1] [2] The concept of a nuclear cross section can be quantified physically in terms of "characteristic area" where a larger area means a larger probability of interaction. The standard unit for measuring a nuclear cross section (denoted as σ) is the barn, which is equal to 10 −28 m 2, 10 −24 cm 2 or 100 fm 2.
In nuclear physics, the concept of a neutron cross section is used to express the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus. The neutron cross section σ can be defined as the area in cm 2 for which the number of neutron-nuclei reactions taking place is equal to the product of the number of incident neutrons that would pass through the area and the number of ...
149 Sm is a decay product and neutron-absorber in nuclear reactors, with a neutron poison effect that is second in importance for reactor design and operation only to 135 Xe. [71] [72] Its neutron cross section is 41000 barns for thermal neutrons. [73]
Induced radioactivity increases the amount of nuclear waste that must eventually be disposed, but it is not referred to as radioactive contamination unless it is uncontrolled. Further research originally done by Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie has led to modern techniques to treat various types of cancers.