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On 3 August 1914, Germany responded to this action by declaring war on France. [13] Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the Schlieffen Plan, which involved German armed forces moving through Belgium and swinging south into France and towards the French capital of Paris. This plan was hoped to quickly gain victory against ...
They, therefore, mobilized along both the Russian border with Austria-Hungary and the border with Germany. German mobilization plans assumed a two-front war against France and Russia and had the bulk of the German army massed against France and taking the offensive in the west, and a smaller force holding East Prussia.
1871 – The North German Federation and the South German states, with the exception of the Austrian Empire, join together to form the German Empire, the state that is considered the beginning of modern-day Germany. Alsace–Lorraine is ceded by France to Germany. 1878 – The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) ends with the Treaty of San Stefano.
1945 — The borders of Germany are moved west to the Oder-Neisse line, while the approximate boundary of the Curzon Line is used as the eastern border of Poland. In addition to incorporating the Kresy territories, the Soviet Union also annexed the Baltic states , Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia, and Bessarabia , the Hertsa region , and ...
Once Italy had joined in on the side of the Allies, the war became a three front war. The big Western front was in France, and Italian Front in the mountains of Italy, and the Eastern Front was on the border of Russia. [3] Because Germany and Austria-Hungary had to split their armies, they were severely weakened.
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
As a result of the events in 1917, many groups opposed to Lenin's Bolsheviks had formed. With the fall of Nicholas II, many parts of the Russian Empire took the opportunity to declare their independence, one of which was Finland, which did so in December 1917; however, Finland too collapsed into a civil war. Finland declared itself independent ...
Germany's eastern border was to be shifted westwards to the Oder–Neisse line, effectively reducing Germany in size by approximately 25% compared to its 1937 borders. The territories east of the new border comprised East Prussia , all of Silesia (except for its westernmost part around the city of Görlitz ), the eastern part of Brandenburg ...