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  2. Thermal efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency

    Rankine cycle: steam power plants The Rankine cycle is the cycle used in steam turbine power plants. The overwhelming majority of the world's electric power is produced with this cycle. Since the cycle's working fluid, water, changes from liquid to vapor and back during the cycle, their efficiencies depend on the thermodynamic properties of water.

  3. Calorimetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimetry

    Heat generated by living organisms may also be measured by direct calorimetry, in which the entire organism is placed inside the calorimeter for the measurement. A widely used modern instrument is the differential scanning calorimeter, a device which allows thermal data to be obtained on small amounts of material. It involves heating the sample ...

  4. Rankine cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_cycle

    The water vapor with condensed droplets often seen billowing from power stations is created by the cooling systems (not directly from the closed-loop Rankine power cycle). This "exhaust" heat is represented by the "Q out" flowing out of the lower side of the cycle shown in the T–s diagram below.

  5. Organic Rankine cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Rankine_cycle

    T-s diagram for the ideal/real ORC. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, [3] screw, [4] scroll, [5] or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.

  6. Thermal power station - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_station

    The heat from the source is converted into mechanical energy using a thermodynamic power cycle (such as a Diesel cycle, Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, etc.). The most common cycle involves a working fluid (often water) heated and boiled under high pressure in a pressure vessel to produce high-pressure steam. This high pressure-steam is then ...

  7. Mercury vapour turbine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_vapour_turbine

    During 4 months continuous operation, this plant averaged about 0.715 lb. of coal per kWh of net output, about 43% of the output being from the mercury turbine generator and 57% from the steam plant. On maintained full-load the heat output averages 9800 BTU per net kWh [34.8% efficiency].

  8. Combined cycle power plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cycle_power_plant

    In a combined cycle power plant, the heat of the gas turbine's exhaust is used to generate steam by passing it through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with a live steam temperature between 420 and 580 °C. The condenser of the Rankine cycle is usually cooled by water from a lake, river, sea or cooling towers. This temperature can be as ...

  9. Feedwater heater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heater

    A Rankine cycle with two steam turbines and a single open feedwater heater. A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. [1] [2] [3] Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system ...