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When interpreting the floating-point number, the bias is subtracted to retrieve the actual exponent. For a half-precision number, the exponent is stored in the range 1 .. 30 (0 and 31 have special meanings), and is interpreted by subtracting the bias for an 5-bit exponent (15) to get an exponent value in the range −14 .. +15.
A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of precision. A signed 32-bit integer variable has a maximum value of 2 31 − 1 = 2,147,483,647, whereas an IEEE 754 32-bit base-2 floating-point variable has a maximum value of (2 − 2 −23) × 2 127 ≈ 3.4028235 ...
Since 2 10 = 1024, the complete range of the positive normal floating-point numbers in this format is from 2 −1022 ≈ 2 × 10 −308 to approximately 2 1024 ≈ 2 × 10 308. The number of normal floating-point numbers in a system (B, P, L, U) where B is the base of the system, P is the precision of the significand (in base B),
Swift introduced half-precision floating point numbers in Swift 5.3 with the Float16 type. [20] OpenCL also supports half-precision floating point numbers with the half datatype on IEEE 754-2008 half-precision storage format. [21] As of 2024, Rust is currently working on adding a new f16 type for IEEE half-precision 16-bit floats. [22]
Subnormal numbers ensure that for finite floating-point numbers x and y, x − y = 0 if and only if x = y, as expected, but which did not hold under earlier floating-point representations. [ 43 ] On the design rationale of the x87 80-bit format , Kahan notes: "This Extended format is designed to be used, with negligible loss of speed, for all ...
Additionally, they are frequently encountered as a pedagogical tool in computer-science courses to demonstrate the properties and structures of floating-point arithmetic and IEEE 754 numbers. Minifloats with 16 bits are half-precision numbers (opposed to single and double precision). There are also minifloats with 8 bits or even fewer. [2]
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The number 0.15625 represented as a single-precision IEEE 754-1985 floating-point number. See text for explanation. The three fields in a 64bit IEEE 754 float. Floating-point numbers in IEEE 754 format consist of three fields: a sign bit, a biased exponent, and a fraction. The following example illustrates the meaning of each.