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Hartnup disease (also known as "pellagra-like dermatosis" [1] and "Hartnup disorder" [2]) is an autosomal recessive [3] metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan that can be, in turn, converted into serotonin, melatonin, and niacin).
Hartnup disease is a hereditary nutritional disorder resulting in niacin deficiency. [29] It is named after an English family with a genetic disorder that resulted in a failure to absorb the essential amino acid tryptophan, tryptophan being a precursor for niacin synthesis. The symptoms are similar to pellagra, including red, scaly rash and ...
Niacin deficiency is a consequence of a diet low in both niacin and the amino acid tryptophan, a precursor for the vitamin. Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes. The signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency start to revert within days of oral supplementation with large amounts of the vitamin. [23] [24]
Carcinoid syndrome thus may produce niacin deficiency and clinical manifestations of pellagra. Anti-tuberculosis medication tends to bind to vitamin B 6 and reduce niacin synthesis, since B 6 (pyridoxine) is a required cofactor in the tryptophan-to-niacin reaction. Several therapeutic drugs can provoke pellagra.
Also known as kynureninase deficiency, this extremely rare inherited disorder is caused by the defective enzyme kynureninase which leads to a block in the pathway from tryptophan to niacin (nicotinic acid). As a result, tryptophan is no longer a source of niacin, hence leading to pellagra (niacin deficiency).
About 1 in 4 Americans have too much niacin in their body from eating meats and nuts, ... But even though niacin deficiency is a rarity in the U.S., some people do take it as a dietary supplement ...
Some of the disorders could be caused by parental influence, such as their inability to properly take care of their child. Most of the other disorders diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence involve anxiety. If the child is continually put in anxiety producing situations, they could show symptoms of these disorders.
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