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Pyridoxine (PN) [4] is a form of vitamin B 6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement.As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects or complications of isoniazid use, and certain types of mushroom poisoning. [5]
Pyridoxine, vitamin B6, is a water-soluble vitamin and is generally recognized as having no adverse effects. [9] [10] After diet changes, it alone is recommended as the secondary treatment plan. The most commonly reported adverse reaction of doxylamine is drowsiness. [11]
Adverse effects have been documented from vitamin B 6 dietary supplements, but never from food sources. Even though it is a water-soluble vitamin and is excreted in the urine, doses of pyridoxine in excess of the dietary upper limit (UL) over long periods cause painful and ultimately irreversible neurological problems. [4]
[18] [37] It has been shown, in vivo, that supplementing with pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate increases pyridoxine concentrations in humans, meaning there are metabolic pathways from each vitamer of B 6 to the all other forms. [38] [39] Consuming high amounts of vitamin B 6 from food has not been reported to cause adverse effects. [24] [30] [40]
Because water-soluble B vitamins are eliminated in the urine, taking large doses of certain B vitamins usually only produces transient side effects (only exception is pyridoxine). General side effects may include restlessness, nausea and insomnia. These side effects are almost always caused by dietary supplements and not foodstuffs.
There is little published data on adverse effects. In one study of a combination of benfotiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, around 8% of people taking the drug experienced nausea, dizziness, stomach ache and weight gain. [6]
Pyritinol also called pyridoxine disulfide or pyrithioxine (European drug names Encephabol, Encefabol, Cerbon 6) is a semi-synthetic water-soluble analog of vitamin B 6 (Pyridoxine HCl). It was produced in 1961 by Merck Laboratories by bonding 2 vitamin B 6 compounds ( pyridoxine ) together with a disulfide bridge.
Side effects of doxylamine include dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth, among others. [4] Doxylamine is a potent anticholinergic and has a side-effect profile common to such drugs, including blurred vision , dry mouth, constipation , muscle incoordination , urinary retention , mental confusion , and delirium .