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Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire, [17] more commonly known as electronic throttle control, is a system that actuates vehicle propulsion without any mechanical connections, such as cables, from the accelerator pedal to the throttle valve of the engine or other propulsion systems. In electric vehicles, this system controls the electric ...
The advent of concern about fuel economy and emissions had major impacts on engine design. Some of the trade-offs reduced throttle response. Most new cars employ a drive-by-wire system, which includes electronic throttle control and can itself either reduce or increase throttle response (Depending on whether or not it's being employed on a performance car).
Instead, the position of the throttle valve (i.e., the amount of air in the engine) is fully controlled by the ETC software via the electric motor. But just opening or closing the throttle valve by sending a new signal to the electric motor is an open loop condition and leads to inaccurate control.
As the throttle is closed, this pressure is reduced due to restricting the fuel/air mixture available to the engine, i.e. causing it to operate at lower power than it is capable of producing. Oil temperature gauge - Indicates the engine oil temperature. Oil pressure gauge - Indicates the supply pressure of the engine lubricant.
In fuel injected engines, the throttle body is the part of the air intake system that controls the amount of air flowing into the engine, in response to driver accelerator pedal input in the main. The throttle body is usually located between the air filter box and the intake manifold, and it is usually attached to, or near, the mass airflow sensor.
Thrust levers in a Boeing 747 Classic. The center and rear levers are used during flight, while the forward levers control reverse thrust.. Thrust levers or throttle levers are found in the cockpit of aircraft, and are used by the pilot, copilot, flight engineer, or autopilot to control the thrust output of the aircraft's engines, by controlling the fuel flow to those engines. [1]
Thrust levers of an A320 set to the autothrust position during cruise flight. An autothrottle (automatic throttle, also known as autothrust, A/T or A/THR) is a system that allows a pilot to control the power setting of an aircraft's engines by specifying a desired flight characteristic, rather than manually controlling the fuel flow.
For example, in straight-line, full-throttle acceleration, the RL is capable of distributing 40% of torque to the rear wheels and 60% to the front wheels. [2] In a hard turn, up to 100% of the rear wheel power can be distributed to the single, outer rear wheel.