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Radial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia , including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes .
In the mature brain, the cerebellum and retina retain characteristic radial glial cells. In the cerebellum, these are Bergmann glia , which regulate synaptic plasticity . In the retina, the radial Müller cell is the glial cell that spans the thickness of the retina and, in addition to astroglial cells, [ 16 ] participates in a bidirectional ...
The Radial Unit Hypothesis (RUH) is a conceptual theory of cerebral cortex development, first described by Pasko Rakic. It states that the cerebral cortex develops during embryogenesis as an array of interacting cortical columns , or 'radial units', each of which originates from a transient stem cell layer called the ventricular zone , which ...
Studies have shown that radial glia in the SGZ express nestin and Sox2, biomarkers associated with neural stem cells, and that isolated radial glia can generate new neurons in vitro. [8] Radial glial cells often divide asymmetrically, producing one new stem cell and one neuronal precursor cell per division. Thus, they have the capacity for self ...
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The protomap is a feature of the ventricular zone, which contains the principal cortical progenitor cells, known as radial glial cells. [2] [3] Through a process called 'cortical patterning', the protomap is patterned by a system of signaling centers in the embryo, which provide positional information and cell fate instructions.
Radial glial cells, whose fibers serve as a scaffolding for migrating cells and a means of radial communication mediated by calcium dynamic activity, [22] [23] act as the main excitatory neuronal stem cell of the cerebral cortex [24] [25] or translocate to the cortical plate and differentiate either into astrocytes or neurons. [26]
Radial glial cells, also called radial glial progenitor cells, divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast and another radial glial cell that will re-enter the cell cycle. [5] [3] This mitosis occurs in the germinal neuroepithelium (or germinal zone), when a radial glial cell divides to produce the neuroblast. The neuroblast detaches from the ...