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However, "client" versions of 32-bit Windows (Windows XP SP2 and later, Windows Vista, Windows 7) limit physical address space to the first 4 GB for driver compatibility [16] even though these versions do run in PAE mode if NX support is enabled. Windows 8 and later releases will only run on processors which support PAE, in addition to NX and SSE2.
If set, enables debug register based breaks on I/O space access. 4: PSE: Page Size Extension: If set, enables 32-bit paging mode to use 4 MiB huge pages in addition to 4 KiB pages. If PAE is enabled or the processor is in x86-64 long mode this bit is ignored. [14] 5: PAE: Physical Address Extension
To address a PCI device, it must be enabled by being mapped into the system's I/O port address space or memory-mapped address space. The system's firmware (e.g. BIOS) or the operating system program the Base Address Registers (commonly called BARs) to inform the device of its resources configuration by writing configuration commands to the PCI ...
Users can download the raw PAE data for all residue pairs in a custom JSON format for further analysis or visualization using a programming language such as Python. The format of the JSON file is as follows:
The 32-bit PAE desktop kernel (linux-image-generic-pae) in Ubuntu 9.10 and later, also provides the PAE mode needed for hardware with the NX CPU feature. For systems that lack NX hardware, the 32-bit kernels now provide an approximation of the NX CPU feature via software emulation that can help block many exploits an attacker might run from ...
But PAE alone is not enough to address the PCI hole issue, as memory addresses and I/O PCI addresses are still overlapping somewhere between the 3rd and 4th gigabyte. A PAE compatible operating system together with a PAE compatible CPU cannot do better than accessing memory from the 1st to the 3rd gigabyte, then from the 5th to the 64th gigabyte.
For example, x86 computers can address more than 4 gigabytes of memory with the Physical Address Extension (PAE) feature in an x86 processor. Still, an ordinary 32-bit PCI device simply cannot address the memory above the 4 GiB boundary, and thus it cannot directly access it.
[3] [4] Among the first applications to make use of AWE were Oracle 8.1.6 [4] and Microsoft SQL Server 2000. [3] If the /3GB boot flag is used to repartition the 32-bit virtual address space (from the 2 GB kernel and 2 GB userland) to 3 GB userland, then AWE is limited to accessing 16 GB of physical memory. [3]