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Yiddish, [a] historically also Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.
During the 19th century Galicia and its main city, Lviv (Lemberg in Yiddish), became a center of Yiddish literature. Lviv was the home of the world's first Yiddish-language daily newspaper, the Lemberger Togblat. [4] Towards the end of World War I, Galicia became a battleground of the Polish-Ukrainian War, which erupted in November 1918. [5]
However, for the most part, modern Ashkenazi Jews originated with Jews who migrated or were forcibly taken from the Middle East to southern Europe in antiquity, where they established Jewish communities before moving into northern France and lower Germany during the High and Late Middle Ages. They also descend to a lesser degree from Jewish ...
This growth continued, with the population reaching 15 million in 2020. However, the Jewish population has not yet recovered to its pre-World War II size of approximately 16.5 million. [1] According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.3 million in 2015 to 16.4 million in 2060 ...
The Eastern part (the Hungarian lowlands, Transylvania, and Carpathian Rus) is a fusion of the west-Transcarpathian dialect with dialects brought by chasidic immigrants from Galicia. Transition Yiddish countries are sometimes considered jointly Eastern Yiddish countries.
(Újpest, the current capital's 4th district is in the northern part of Budapest. During the time of the Holocaust 20,000 Jews were deported from here.) Mór Fischer Farkasházi (1800–1880) founded his world-famous porcelain factory in Herend in 1839, its fine porcelains decorated, among others, Queen Victoria's table. [citation needed]
Part of the Judean population was exiled to Babylon. The Assyrian and Babylonian captivities are regarded as representing the start of the Jewish diaspora. After the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered the region, the exiled Jews were allowed to return and rebuild the temple; these events mark the beginning of the Second Temple period.
Khazar Khaganate, 650–850. The Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry, often called the Khazar myth by its critics, [1] [2] is a largely abandoned historical hypothesis that postulated that Ashkenazi Jews were primarily, or to a large extent, descended from Khazars, a multi-ethnic conglomerate of mostly Turkic peoples who formed a semi-nomadic khanate in and around the northern and central ...