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Serotonin pathways are thought to modulate eating, both the amount as well as the motor processes associated with eating. The serotonergic projections into the hypothalamus are thought to be particularly relevant, and an increase in serotonergic signaling is thought to generally decrease food consumption (evidenced by fenfluramine , however ...
Serotonin (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ n ɪ n, ˌ s ɪər ə-/) [6] [7] [8] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
[1] [2] [3] This ion channel is cation-selective and mediates neuronal depolarization and excitation within the central and peripheral nervous systems. [1] As with other ligand gated ion channels, the 5-HT 3 receptor consists of five subunits arranged around a central ion conducting pore, which is permeable to sodium (Na), potassium (K), and ...
The exception to this is the 5-HT 3 receptor which is a ligand-gated ion channel. In 2014, a novel 5-HT receptor was isolated from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, and named pr5-HT 8. It does not occur in mammals and shares relatively low similarity to the known 5-HT receptor classes. [7]
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely used antidepressant and include fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), and fluvoxamine (Luvox). These drugs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin from the extracellular space into the synaptic terminal by selectively inhibiting SERT.
The serotonin "chemical imbalance" theory of depression, proposed in the 1960s, [35] is not supported by the available scientific evidence. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] SSRIs alter the balance of serotonin inside and outside of neurons: their clinical antidepressant effect (which is robust in severe depression [ 37 ] ) is likely due to more complex changes in ...
In the brain, serotonin is a neurotransmitter and regulates arousal, behavior, sleep, and mood, among other things. [9] During prolonged exercise where central nervous system fatigue is present, serotonin levels in the brain are higher than normal physiological conditions; these higher levels can increase perceptions of effort and peripheral muscle fatigue. [9]
For example, the precursor of serotonin is the amino acid tryptophan. Peptide neurotransmitters, or neuropeptides , are protein transmitters which are larger than the classical small-molecule neurotransmitters and are often released together to elicit a modulatory effect. [ 4 ]