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An F2 cross bred to an F2 cross creates an F3 cross. Similarly, an F2 animal bred to an F1 animal creates an F2b backcross. F3 crosses and greater are called "multi-generational" crosses. [citation needed] In dog breeding, three generations of reliable documented breeding can be considered a "breed" rather than a crossbreed. [11]
The Yecoro wheat (right) cultivar is sensitive to salinity, plants resulting from a hybrid cross with cultivar W4910 (left) show greater tolerance to high salinity. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. [1]
It is due to such reasons that imposition of self-fertilization on cross-pollinating crops leads to drastic reduction in their performance. For teaching purpose, plant breeding is presented as four categories: Line breeding (autogamous crops), population breeding ( allogamous crops), hybrid breeding (mostly allogamous crops, some autogamous ...
Despite the importance of animal genetic resources, their diversity has been continually decreasing over time. [14] "Factors as causes of genetic erosion: (Indiscriminante) cross-breeding; Introduction/increased use of exotic breeds; Lack of/weak AnGR management policies, programmes or institutions
It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and production of gene knockout organisms. Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC"; for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a ...
Heterosis describes the tendency of the progeny of a specific cross to outperform both parents. The detection of the usefulness of heterosis for plant breeding has led to the development of inbred lines that reveal a heterotic yield advantage when they are crossed. Maize was the first species where heterosis was widely used to produce hybrids.
The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom is a book on evolution in plants by Charles Darwin, first published in 1876.In this book Darwin examines the effects of cross and self fertilisation of plants and provides experimental evidence for a hypothesis stated in his famed book of 1859, Origin of Species, that "... in none [i.e. plant] [...]can self-fertilisation go ...
Cross-fostering is a technique used in animal husbandry, animal science, genetic and nature versus nurture studies, and conservation, whereby offspring are removed from their biological parents at birth and raised by surrogates, typically of a different species, hence 'cross.' This can also occasionally occur in nature.