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Stanley and Veritas marking gauges. A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, [1] is used in woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. [2] The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheetmetal operations.
A wood scribe is a tool for marking wood by scratching the surface visibly. A wood scribe is often used with a try square for accurate scribing. A marking gauge is a more specific form of wood scribe used to accurately mark wood for cutting, often for laying out mortise and tenon joints.
The scratch awl is basically a steel spike with its tip sharpened to a fine point. The tip of the spike is drawn across the timber, leaving a shallow groove. It may also be used to mark a point by pressing the tip into the timber. [2] It is generally used when dimensioning and for laying out with the grain. It may also be used across the grain.
Marking out or layout means the process of transferring a design or pattern to a workpiece, as the first step in the manufacturing process. [1] It is performed in many industries or hobbies although in the repetition industries the machine's initial setup is designed to remove the need to mark out every individual piece.
Some marking knives incorporate a marking knife blade at one end, and a scratch awl tip at the other end – but because of this they are sometimes considered dangerous to use. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] Marking knives are either made from a single piece of steel, or additionally have a handle made of wood or plastic.
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In Europe, the earliest known wooden ard (at Lavagone in Italy) dates from around 2300–2000 BC, but the earliest scratch marks date from 3500–3000 BC. [8] All of these were bow ards, also depicted in the rock drawings of Bohuslän , Sweden, Copper Age stelae of Valcamonica (3000–2200 BC) and Fontanalba , France.
Like the simpler marking gauge, a mortise gauge has a locking thumb screw slide for adjusting the distance of the scribe from the edge of the wood. It has two protruding pins, often called "spurs", [ 3 ] which are designed to scribe parallel lines marking both sides of a mortise at the same time. [ 4 ]