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A nested query is also known as a subquery. While joins and other table operations provide computationally superior (i.e. faster) alternatives in many cases, the use of subqueries introduces a hierarchy in execution that can be useful or necessary. In the following example, the aggregation function AVG receives as input the result of a subquery:
One can refer to the inputs to a join as the "outer" and "inner" join operands, or "left" and "right", respectively. In the case of nested loops, for example, the database system will scan the entire inner relation for each row of the outer relation. One can classify query-plans involving joins as follows: [12] left-deep
In a SQL database query, a correlated subquery (also known as a synchronized subquery) is a subquery (a query nested inside another query) that uses values from the outer query. This can have major impact on performance because the correlated subquery might get recomputed every time for each row of the outer query is processed.
In database theory and systems, a monotonic query is one that does not lose any tuples it previously made output, with the addition of new tuples in the database. Formally, a query q over a schema R is monotonic if and only if for every two instances I , J of R , I ⊆ J ⇒ q ( I ) ⊆ q ( J ) {\displaystyle I\subseteq J\Rightarrow q(I ...
In relational databases, a nested table is a table that is embedded within another table. Individual elements can be inserted, updated, and deleted in a nested table. Since individual elements can be modified in a nested table, they are more flexible than an array because elements in an array can only be modified as a whole, not individually. A ...
The algorithm relies on a join tree of the query, which is guaranteed to exist and can be computed in linear time for any acyclic query. The join tree is a tree structure that contains the query atoms as nodes and has the connectedness (or running intersection) property which states that for every query variable, the tree nodes that contain that variable form a connected subgraph.
Query plans for nested SQL queries can also be chosen using the same dynamic programming algorithm as used for join ordering, but this can lead to an enormous escalation in query optimization time. So some database management systems use an alternative rule-based approach that uses a query graph model.
algorithm nested_loop_join is for each tuple r in R do for each tuple s in S do if r and s satisfy the join condition then yield tuple <r,s> This algorithm will involve n r *b s + b r block transfers and n r +b r seeks, where b r and b s are number of blocks in relations R and S respectively, and n r is the number of tuples in relation R.