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In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: [1] Allocative or Pareto efficiency : any changes made to assist one person would harm another.
Business economics is a field in applied economics which uses economic theory and quantitative methods to analyze business enterprises and the factors contributing to the diversity of organizational structures and the relationships of firms with labour, capital and product markets. [1]
In its narrowest definition, a labour shortage is an economic condition in which employers believe there are insufficient qualified candidates (employees) to fill the marketplace demands for employment at a specific wage. Such a condition is sometimes referred to by economists as "an insufficiency in the labour force."
An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. [48] business cycle. Also called the economic cycle or trade cycle. The downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. [49] The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction ...
In economic competition theory, the zero-profit condition is the condition that occurs when an industry or type of business has an extremely low (near-zero) cost of entry to or exit from the industry.
In economics, free entry is a condition in which firms can freely enter the market for an economic good by establishing production and beginning to sell the product. The assumption of free entry implies that if there are firms earning excessively high profits in a given industry, new firms that also seek a high profit are likely to start to ...
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a period of broad decline in economic activity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock ).
Alfred Marshall provided a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics (1890) that extended analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level: Economics is a study of man in the ordinary business of life. It enquires how he gets his income and how he uses it.